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The Development of Adivasis in South India

noreply@blogger.com (geeks) — Mon, 07 Jun 2010 23:48:00 +0000

The Adivasis of South India

Adivasis.com

TAMIL NADU:

There are 36 adivasis' communities are listed in this. Majority of them includes Todas, Kadars, Irulas, Kotas, Kattunaikas, Kurumans, Muthuvans, Paniyans, Pulayans, Malayalees, Kurumbas, Eravallans, Kanikkars, Mannans and Paliyans. Share of Adivasis population in the state is 1.03%. According to the Census Report, the total ST Population in Tamilnadu is 6,51,321 (1.04%) among this Male is 328917 and Female is 322404. There are six primitive tribal groups in Tamilnadu such as Irular, Kattunaikan, Kotar, Kurumbar, Paniyan and Todas are the PTGs. Adivasis literacy rate is 27.89% among them men 35.25% and the women 20.23%. Enrolment rate of STs is 48.2%. About 87% of the Adivasis are living under the poverty and have lost their indigenous identity. Government schemes are not reaching to them and still many villages do not have basic amenities like drinking water, schools, electricity, road and transport. Exploitation, ignorance and discrimination are some of the stumbling block for the under development of Adivasis. About 53% of Adivasis do not have permanent houses 48% of the Adivasis are not finding any employment opportunities. 2 MLA seats reserved for Adivasis. The Ministry for Scheduled Caste & Scheduled Tribes (SC/ST) implements programmes and schemes for the development of Adivasis in Tamilnadu. Majority of their schemes and programmes are focusing on educational development of the scheduled tribes.

KERALA:

There are 35 Adivasi communities are listed in this state. Majority of them includes Malakuravans, Malayarayans, Malavetans, Malayans, Mannans, Ullatans, Uralis, Vishawans, Arandans, Kattunaykans, Koragas, Kotas, Kurichiyans, Kurumans, Paniyas, Pulayans, Malsars and Kurumbas. Share of adivasi population in the state is 0.49%. Adivasi literacy rate in Kerala south India is 57.22% among them men 63.38% and the women 51.07%. About 82% of the Adivasis are living under the poverty. 54% of the Adivasis are not finding any employment opportunities in this south India. Only 1 MLA seat reserved for Adivasis in Kerala.

KARNATAKA:

There are 49 Adivasis communities are listed in this state. Majority of them includes Gaudalus, Hakkipikkis, Irruligas, Jenu Kurubas, Malaikuds, Malikudis, Bhils, Gonds, Chenchus, Koyas, Yeravas, Haleyas and Koramas. Share of Adivasi population in the state is 2.95%. Adivasi literacy rate in Karnataka is 36.01% among them men 47.95% and the women 23.57%. About 85% of the Adivasis are living under the poverty. 52% of the Adivasis are not finding any employment opportunities in this state. 2 MLA seats reserved for Adivasis in this state.

ANDHRA PRADESH:

There are 33 Adivasis communities are listed in this state. Majority of them includes Chenchus, Koyas, Gadabas, Konda, Doras, Konda Kapur, Konda Reddis, Sugalis/Lambadis, Yenadis, Yerukulas, Bhils, Gonds, Kolams, Pradhans & Valmikis. As per the census report, share of STs in the state is 6.47%. Adivasi literacy rate in Andhra Pradesh is 17.16% among them men 25.25% and the women 8.68%. About 89% of the Adivasis are living under the poverty. Over 46% of the Adivasis are not finding any employment opportunities in this state. There are 15 seats for MLA and 2 seats for MPs are reserved for Adivasis (STs) in this state. Andhra Pradesh state has both scheduled areas and non-scheduled areas. The Northern Andhra Pradesh comes under the fifth schedule area. Most of Adivasis in these regions are depended on non-timber forest produces for their livelihoods needs. In Southern Andhra Pradesh Adivasis have lost their forest rights and identity. Most of the Adivasi communities are nomadic and migrant in search of employment opportunities.

PUDUCHERY (Pondichery):

There are about 4 Adivasis communities listed in Puduchery. List includes Irulas, Kattunaikers, Kurumans, Zipsis. There is no clear baseline data about Adivasi population in this union territory. Anthropological department says that over 4800 Adivasis living in this state out of the general population of 9, 73,829. General literacy rate is 81.49% and among them Adivasis is less than 10%. It has 4 districts. Adivasis needs government recognization, identity and reservation.

Adivasis.com

Indian techies changing the Internet Industry

noreply@blogger.com (geeks) — Thu, 01 Apr 2010 02:33:00 +0000

Over two-and-a-half million people worldwide, half of them in the US, are using word processors, creating slide-shows and doing their sums with the help from an online suite of software products built by Chennai-based technology start-up Zoho. In Bangalore, InMobi — a company that builds technology for mobile internet advertising — is helping global advertisers and publishers reach 175 million customers every month across Asia, Africa, the UK and the US.

In Kolkata, FusionCharts, a graphic data visualisation tool created by start-up Infosoft Global, is used by 1,500 organisations across the globe, including the US government. Across India, a slew of such start-up companies are creating and selling proprietary products as they script a new saga in the country's technology industry.

Software products are designed to be used by multiple customers, either businesses or consumers. They typically carry intellectual property that creates higher value compared to software services for a limited clientele that forms the bulk of India's $ 50-billion software industry.

So, while it took Infosys Technologies 18 years to record its first $100 million in revenue, product start-ups such as InMobi expect to do so within five years. "In the next 18 months we will have revenues of $100 million," said Naveen Tewari, CEO and founder, InMobi. The company, which was set up in 2007, has already built a direct sales force in seven cities across the world.

It is this ability to scale into very large companies quickly that is making the technology product space attractive to both entrepreneurs and investors. "Of the 11 investments we have made since 2007, seven are in technology product companies," said Sudhir Sethi, founder & CMD, IDG Ventures India, which has backed software product companies such as Perfint Healthcare, a medical devices start-up, and Apalya Technologies, which streams live television to mobile phones. Another IDG Ventures investee company, 3D Solid Compression, builds three-dimensional visualisation tools that can also be used on mobile phones.

"In the next five years, $3-5 billion of private equity and venture capital will be invested in start-ups building technology products out of India," said Mr Sethi. Technology entrepreneurs are riding on a host of advantages that the Indian market offers for product companies. These include the availability of technically-trained people and the low cost of selling technology products online.

Zoho's revenues of $50 million come from selling its suite of software that offers 21 applications to customers on the net. "We will have 20 million users over the next few years as online application suites overtake and become more powerful than desktop-based applications," said Sridhar Vembu, founder & chief executive officer of Zoho, which competes with Microsoft and Google.

The ability to test products in the domestic market, especially in areas such as mobile telephony and medical devices, has also worked well for start-ups such as Mumbai-based Webaroo Technologies and Perfint Healthcare. Webaroo's SMSGupShup, a Twitter-like closed group messaging product for cellphone subscribers, has 27 million users in India. In three months, GupShup will be available to mobile users in nearly two dozen countries. By the end of 2010, Webaroo expects the launch of pay-to-use services such as email-like-SMS products and the global rollout to help it generate $10 million in revenues from $3 million now, said chief executive Beerud Sheth.

"When you design for India, you end up with a very cost-effective solution that can be marketed very effectively globally," said Sandeep Murthy, a partner at Sherpalo Ventures, who also evaluates deals for global technology investor Kleiner, Perkins, Caufield and Byers in India and has invested in InMobi and travel portal Cleartrip.

The return of highly-skilled professionals with experience of working in some of the world's largest technology companies too is fuelling the development of product start-ups. Perfint Healthcare was founded by five managers with work experience in GE Healthcare. The Chennai-based start-up makes image guided tools that help radiologists use minimal invasive procedures for cancer detection and treatment. The two-year-old company has sold 50 units of the interventional oncological tool in India and will begin sales in the US in 2011, its CEO S Nandakumar said.

Apalya Technologies' CEO Vamshi Krishna Reddy returned to India after a stint at Cisco in the US. He says it would have been simpler to set up a software services firm but knew that the future lay in building a company with a clear differentiation and that had to be products for the mobility space. Apalya now has one million customers for its product MiMobiTV that streams live television onto mobiles starting at a subscription price of Rs 150 a month.

For investors there is already proof that it pays to back product companies in India. In 2007, the Mumbai Angels network was one of the investors when InMobi raised $500,000 in angel funding. Its returns were 25 times the investment when InMobi subsequently raised venture capital. "This was the highest value for an angel exit in India and also the quickest," said Sasha Mirchandani, a Mumbai Angels member, who has also invested in Apalya Technologies. Other angel investors, who back technology product companies, include Silicon Valley entrepreneur Rakesh Mathur, who has invested in Webaroo as well as Vegayan, which is building software that increases the bandwidth of telecommunication networks.

"There are very promising signs, with technology product companies making the right choices in markets they are addressing," said Rishikesha T Krishnan, professor of corporate strategy and Jamuna Raghavan, chair professor of Entrepreneurship at IIM-Bangalore. He is the author of the book 'Jugaad to Systematic Innovation,' that discusses the challenges Indian companies will face in building products for global markets.

The network of start-up incubators within India's premier colleges too is playing a part in driving the surge of product companies. Earlier this year, Mango Technologies, that was incubated at the NSRCEL centre in IIM-Bangalore, sold two of its proprietary telecom solutions to handset maker, Qualcomm. "Building products for the Indian market is proving to be a commercial success," said its CEO & co-founder Sunil Maheshwari.

SINE at IIT-Bombay, where Webaroo was first incubated, has on its roster other product start-ups such as Zeus Numerix, which is working with European aerospace company EADS on technology to reduce noise from aircraft wings. In Bangalore, 3D Solid Compression provides three dimensional visualisation technology for Nokia phones. "As more smart phones hit the market, including those on Google's Android platform, the timing is proving to be great for us," said Krishnan Ramaswami, co-founder & managing director, whose team worked with IISc professor B Gurumoorthy to build the product.

"The talent pool created by premier institutions has played a significant role in start-up activity. One can say that the institutions have been a source of innovators and thus the crux of innovation," said P Anandan, managing director, Microsoft Research India. While the signs are promising, many also counsel the need for caution.

And this summer, if the launch of Adam, the tablet computing device being built by Hyderabad-based start-up outfit Notion Ink, remains on schedule, it will provide a big boost to product development across India's technology industry.

On the ground, the momentum is gathering pace. Zoho is adding 1 lakh users every month and growing faster by the day. InfoSoft, the maker of FusionCharts, sees itself becoming a Rs 100-crore company by 2014, CTO and co-founder Pallav Nadhani said.

Based out of the campus of BVR Institute of Technology in Hyderabad, Adam is being put together by a team of student engineers led by 23-year-old Rohan Shravan, an IIT Kharagpur graduate, who has worked on the prototype of Adam since his third year in college. Powered by the Android operating system from Google, Adam will allow users to read books, check mail and run regular computing applications. "If we get this right, Notion Ink can be a $300 million-$ 400 million company in the first year of operations," said Mr Shravan, director & chief executive officer, of NotionInk. Clearly, for Indian technology products, the road ahead is long but the journey promises to be exciting.

29 Mar 2010 / ET Bureau

Naga Naresh Karutura - Life without legs

noreply@blogger.com (geeks) — Thu, 28 Jan 2010 17:51:00 +0000

Naga Naresh Karutura has just passed out of IIT Madras in Computer Science and has joined Google in Bangalore.

You may ask, what's so special about this 21-year-old when there are hundreds of students passing out from various IITs and joining big companies like Google?

Naresh is special. His parents are illiterate. He has no legs and moves around in his powered wheel chair. (In fact, when I could not locate his lab, he told me over the mobile phone, 'I will come and pick you up'. And in no time, he was there to guide me)

Ever smiling, optimistic and full of spirit; that is Naresh. He says, "God has always been planning things for me. That is why I feel I am lucky."

Read why Naresh feels he is lucky.

Childhood in a village

I spent the first seven years of my life in Teeparru, a small village in Andhra Pradesh, on the banks of the river Godavari. My father Prasad was a lorry driver and my mother Kumari, a house wife. Though they were illiterate, my parents instilled in me and my elder sister (Sirisha) the importance of studying.

Looking back, one thing that surprises me now is the way my father taught me when I was in the 1st and 2nd standards. My father would ask me questions from the text book, and I would answer them. At that time, I didn't know he could not read or write but to make me happy, he helped me in my studies!

Another memory that doesn't go away is the floods in the village and how I was carried on top of a buffalo by my uncle. I also remember plucking fruits from a tree that was full of thorns.

I used to be very naughty, running around and playing all the time with my friends.. I used to get a lot of scolding for disturbing the elders who slept in the afternoon. The moment they started scolding, I would run away to the fields!

I also remember finishing my school work fast in class and sleeping on the teacher's lap!

January 11, 1993, the fateful day

On the January 11, 1993 when we had the sankranti holidays, my mother took my sister and me to a nearby village for a family function. From there we were to go with our grandmother to our native place. But my grandmother did not come there. As there were no buses that day, my mother took a lift in my father's friend's lorry. As there were many people in the lorry, he made me sit next to him, close to the door.

It was my fault; I fiddled with the door latch and it opened wide throwing me out. As I fell, my legs got cut by the iron rods protruding from the lorry. Nothing happened to me except scratches on my legs.

The accident had happened just in front of a big private hospital but they refused to treat me saying it was an accident case. Then a police constable who was passing by took us to a government hospital.

First I underwent an operation as my small intestine got twisted. The doctors also bandaged my legs. I was there for a week. When the doctors found that gangrene had developed and it had reached up to my knees, they asked my father to take me to a district hospital. There, the doctors scolded my parents a lot for neglecting the wounds and allowing the gangrene to develop. But what could my ignorant parents do?

In no time, both my legs were amputated up to the hips.

I remember waking up and asking my mother, where are my legs? I also remember that my mother cried when I asked the question. I was in the hospital for three months.

Life without legs

I don't think my life changed dramatically after I lost both my legs. Because all at home were doting on me, I was enjoying all the attention rather than pitying myself. I was happy that I got a lot of fruits and biscuits.

'I never wallowed in self-pity'

July 28, 2008

Click here for my pic

The day I reached my village, my house was flooded with curious people; all of them wanted to know how a boy without legs looked. But I was not bothered; I was happy to see so many of them coming to see me, especially my friends!

All my friends saw to it that I was part of all the games they played; they carried me everywhere.

God's hand

I believe in God. I believe in destiny. I feel he plans everything for you. If not for the accident, we would not have moved from the village to Tanuku, a town. There I joined a missionary school, and my father built a house next to the school. Till the tenth standard, I studied in that school.

If I had continued in Teeparu, I may not have studied after the 10th. I may have started working as a farmer or someone like that after my studies. I am sure God had other plans for me.

My sister, my friend

When the school was about to reopen, my parents moved from Teeparu to Tanuku, a town, and admitted both of us in a Missionary school. They decided to put my sister also in the same class though she is two years older. They thought she could take care of me if both of us were in the same class. My sister never complained.

She would be there for everything. Many of my friends used to tell me, you are so lucky to have such a loving sister. There are many who do not care for their siblings.

She carried me in the school for a few years and after a while, my friends took over the task. When I got the tricycle, my sister used to push me around in the school.

My life, I would say, was normal, as everyone treated me like a normal kid. I never wallowed in self-pity. I was a happy boy and competed with others to be on top and the others also looked at me as a competitor.

Inspiration

I was inspired by two people when in school; my Maths teacher Pramod Lal who encouraged me to participate in various local talent tests, and a brilliant boy called Chowdhary, who was my senior.

When I came to know that he had joined Gowtham Junior College to prepare for IIT-JEE, it became my dream too. I was school first in 10th scoring 542/600.

Because I topped in the state exams, Gowtham Junior College waived the fee for me. Pramod Sir's recommendation also helped. The fee was around Rs 50,000 per year, which my parents could never afford.

Moving to a residential school

Living in a residential school was a big change for me because till then my life centred around home and school and I had my parents and sister to take care of all my needs. It was the first time that I was interacting with society. It took one year for me to adjust to the new life.

There, my inspiration was a boy called K K S Bhaskar who was in the top 10 in IIT-JEE exams. He used to come to our school to encourage us. Though my parents didn't know anything about Gowtham Junior School or IIT, they always saw to it that I was encouraged in whatever I wanted to do.. If the results were good, they would praise me to the skies and if bad, they would try to see something good in that. They did not want me to feel bad.

They are such wonderful supportive parents.

Life at IIT- Madras

Though my overall rank in the IIT-JEE was not that great (992), I was 4th in the physically handicapped category. So, I joined IIT, Madras to study Computer Science.

Here, my role model was Karthik who was also my senior in school. I looked up to him during my years at IIT- Madras.

He had asked for attached bathrooms for those with special needs before I came here itself. So, when I came here, the room had attached bath. He used to help me and guide me a lot when I was here.

I evolved as a person in these four years, both academically and personally. It has been a great experience studying here. The people I was interacting with were so brilliant that I felt privileged to sit along with them in the class. Just by speaking to my lab mates, I gained a lot..

'There are more good people in society than bad ones'

July 28, 2008

Words are inadequate to express my gratitude to Prof Pandurangan and all my lab mates; all were simply great. I was sent to Boston along with four others for our internship by Prof Pandurangan. It was a great experience.

Joining Google R&D

I did not want to pursue PhD as I wanted my parents to take rest now.

Morgan Stanley selected me first but I preferred Google because I wanted to work in pure computer science, algorithms and game theory.

I am lucky

Do you know why I say I am lucky?

I get help from total strangers without me asking for it. Once after my second year at IIT, I with some of my friends was travelling in a train for a conference. We met a kind gentleman called Sundar in the train, and he has been taking care of my hostel fees from then on.

I have to mention about Jaipur foot. I had Jaipur foot when I was in 3rd standard. After two years, I stopped using them. As I had almost no stems on my legs, it was very tough to tie them to the body. I found walking with Jaipur foot very, very slow. Sitting also was a problem. I found my tricycle faster because I am one guy who wants to do things faster.

One great thing about the hospital is, they don't think their role ends by just fixing the Jaipur foot; they arrange for livelihood for all. They asked me what help I needed from them. I told them at that time, if I got into an IIT, I needed financial help from them. So, from the day I joined IIT, Madras, my fees were taken care of by them. So, my education at the IIT was never a burden on my parents and they could take care of my sister's Nursing studies.

Surprise awaited me at IIT

After my first year, when I went home, two things happened here at the Institute without my knowledge.

I got a letter from my department that they had arranged a lift and ramps at the department for me. It also said that if I came a bit early and checked whether it met with my requirements, it would be good.

Second surprise was, the Dean, Prof Idichandy and the Students General Secretary, Prasad had located a place that sold powered wheel chairs. The cost was Rs 55,000. What they did was, they did not buy the wheel chair; they gave me the money so that the wheel chair belonged to me and not the institute.

My life changed after that. I felt free and independent.

That's why I say I am lucky. God has planned things for me and takes care of me at every step.

The world is full of good people

I also feel if you are motivated and show some initiative, people around you will always help you. I also feel there are more good people in society than bad ones. I want all those who read this to feel that if Naresh can achieve something in life, you can too.

Shobha Warrier

http://andhra.ozg.in

Cops booked for rape to rape of four Khond Adivasi women

noreply@blogger.com (geeks) — Wed, 27 Jan 2010 01:29:00 +0000

Stung by angry protests from activists of human rights groups, women and dalit organisations, a criminal case was registered on Tuesday against the special party police in connection with the alleged rape of four Khond Adivasi women in Baaluguda village of Munchingput mandal in Visakhapatnam district on January 22.

Based on a complaint from Baaluguda village secretary Ch Bhupathi, the police registered the case at Munchingput police station under section 376 of IPC as well as section 3 (12) of SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act against the erring cops. Earlier, the police did not register a case when the villagers approached them. Instead, they told them only the victims could file a complaint.

Paderu revenue divisional officer Prasada Rao visited the village and conducted a 'secret' inquiry. Sources said he held a closed-door enquiry with two victims. When contacted, the RDO said he would submit a report to the higher officials. The government-appointed inquiry officer and Chintapally additional SP Syam Sundar merely said they could not proceed further as the victims have not complained about the incident.

The police served a notice on BSP leader Pangi Rajarao asking him to present evidences of the alleged rape. Meanwhile, former Chintapalli MLA G Demudu has criticised the attitude of the government, especially tribal welfare minister, for not reacting strongly to the heinous act of the police.

Meanwhile, the women and rights activists have demanded filing of criminal cases against the cops responsible for the alleged rape. They alleged that the police were trying to hush up the matter. They said the Greyhounds cops entered the houses of the four women after rounding up nine tribal men in the name of helping the Maoists and allegedly raped them. Six of the men were let off after bindover cases were registered, while criminal cases were booked against three others and remanded to judicial custody.

"Even five days after the heinous crime was committed by the policemen, no criminal case has been registered and the police did not conduct investigation either," K Padma of Mahila Chetana group said.

Sources said 50 Greyhounds cops along with Munchingput SI Keshav Rao swooped on the village in the early hours of Jan 22. The activists said though the district SP had appointed the Chintapalli ASP to enquire into the allegations, the ASP did not bother to visit the village and speak with the victims. "The local police are threatening the tribals with dire consequences if they speak out," K Venkata Ramana of a tribal welfare association said.

The activists are askance as to why no witness examination, collection of circumstantial evidence, medical and laboratory examination and identification parade have been taken up till now. It may be recalled that 11 Khond women were allegedly raped by the Greyhounds personnel on August 20, 2007, in Vakapally village in Vizag Agency and the National ST Commission had recommended in December 2007 to the AP government that the case be handed over to the CBI.

TNN, 27 January 2010

The sexual perversity of Indian officers

noreply@blogger.com (geeks) — Thu, 07 Jan 2010 07:14:00 +0000

SPS Rathore, a top police officer as sexual tormentor and killer of a young student; ND Tiwari, Governor of Andhra Pradesh who was caught on the camera in his sleazy sexual exploits, and forced to resign on 'Moral Grounds' - as the Congress party would have it, and Dinakaran, Chief Justice of Karnataka High Court, involved in another scandal, but continues to be fortified, using among other things, the anti-Dalit bogey of Udit Raj, will continue to haunt Indian democracy and its psyche for a long time.

The sexual perversity of SPS Rathore, former police officer convicted of molesting Ruchika Girhotra after nearly two decades of the inhuman event, which caused her suicide and snuffed out a young life of playful innocence must have shaken all people of any conscience. It has raised more questions about the credibility and integrity of our law and order system and of men occupying responsible positions in India's governance's structures.

While, the debate on the issue anchored by Barkha Dutt on the NDTV channel was moving, serious and comprehensive, what of next, and how do we protect our more vulnerable children from the poacher-turned game-keepers, are serious questions which have no answers yet.

Though different yet related are the sexual exploits of Andhra Pradesh Governor, ND Tiwari [in Congress-Gandhi cap?], which going by reports have been going on for several years. That raises larger questions about what goes on in the Raj Bhavans, whether they are dens of sleaze, and the relevance of gubernatorial positions in the country. Should a democracy where about half the population are illiterate, homeless, and struggling to eke out a living, be allowed to waste its scarce resources on them who seem to make no positive contribution to the nation calls for a fresh look at our Constitutional provisions.

The claim of the Congress party that Tiwari resigned on "moral grounds" is a national joke! He resigned on "immoral grounds" as a person of depravity and debasement. One is not sure if he was caught on the camera with his Pyjamas and depressing things down and in what sort of perverted acts. The nation has a right to know what went on in the Raj Bhavan and the media should show it to the viewers so that they will know what kind of debased democracy we are living in. Tiwari should also be prosecuted for misusing his power and position and should return all the perks he enjoyed as Governor to the national exchequer.

The electronic media will do well to expose his exploits, contempt of court or not, which again is a fig-leaf and big national joke.

Though not related to sex as yet, Justice Dinakaran's scandal of corruption is also deeply immoral and anti-social. When hapless persons are picked up in thousands and harassed by the police and the judiciary on flimsy grounds, it is a national shame that this person continues to be fortified. Impeachment is no answer, as it has never worked and is not likely to work in India. He should be treated like any other criminal and prosecuted. That the scandal against him is "anti-Dalit" is a bogey. He crossed the Dalit Rubicon several years ago, and cannot be treated as a Dalit, in any sense of the term. In this context one might also probe who is funding Udit Raj, a self-proclaimed Dalit upstart.

Prof P Radhakrishnan

The case related to Sri SPS Rathode, the ex Haryana DGP is one that has brought the IPS service again to the forefront of public imagination. While it is a fact that the public perception of police as an organization is not very good (for various assignable and non-assignable reasons), that of the IPS as the premier service has so far been decently high. But unfortunately in the recent few years, there have been many such infamous incidents of high-profile nature where senior officers of this Service have been found to be the perpetrators of the worst forms of crime.

The latest in this is certainly the Ruchika case where it is alleged that this 14 year old girl was forced to suicide because of Sri Rathode, the then IGP. What is even more alarming is the fact that it is being claimed that once this now deceased girl made allegations against Mr Rathode, the police officer used all means of personal and departmental power and influence to ruin the family members of Ruchika, including registering many cases against her brother and sending him to jail.

An interesting and noteworthy fact here is that even the then DGP Sri RR Singh has come out in the open to speak against a member of his own fraternity as has an IAS officer, the then Home secretary.

The way the media has taken up the issue and the way the fact that Sri Rathode was an IPS officer who supposedly misused his position, is being highlighted in the media has certainly added one more black spot to the service and to the police department as a whole. One can only hope that justice will prevail at the earliest.

Amitabh Thakur, IPS

America tells its citizens to be careful and defer travel to Andhra

noreply@blogger.com (geeks) — Thu, 31 Dec 2009 06:27:00 +0000

The US government has issued a fresh travel alert asking its citizens to be cautious and defer their travel to Andhra Pradesh as violence continues there over the issue of a separate Telangana state.

"The US government continues to receive information that terrorist groups may be planning attacks in India," the State Department said Tuesday in the third travel alert issued since Oct 29. The new alert expires Jan 31.

"Terrorists and their sympathisers have demonstrated their willingness and capability to attack targets where Americans or Westerners are known to congregate or visit," the advisory said while alerting US citizens to continuing security concerns in India.

"In addition, there continues to be a possibility of violence in the south-central Indian state of Andhra Pradesh over the contentious issue of creating a separate state," the State Department said.

"The November 2008 attacks in Mumbai provided a vivid reminder that hotels and other public places are especially attractive targets for terrorist groups," the alert said, asking US citizens to always practice good security, maintain a heightened situational awareness and a low profile.

"Americans are advised to monitor local news reports and consider the level of security present when visiting public places, including religious sites, or choosing hotels, restaurants, entertainment and recreation venues."

The advisory suggested that US citizens defer all non-essential travel to Telangana and certain parts of Hyderabad, especially the assembly and secretariat, Osmania University, Panjagutta, and Ameerpet areas.

There has also been sporadic unrest in the coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema regions, most notably in the cities of Vijayawada, Visakhapatnam, Guntur, Ongole, Kurnool, and Chittoor, it said.

"Andhra Pradesh continues to experience episodic civil unrest as pro- and anti-statehood political groups rally supporters to their respective causes. A number of strikes have shut down schools and businesses, making it at times difficult to obtain essentials such as gasoline," the advisory said.

Protesters have targeted public transport, attacking trains and burning numerous buses. Public transport networks have been forced to shut down several times, it said.

Washington, Dec 30 / IANS

The Telangana turmoil

noreply@blogger.com (geeks) — Thu, 10 Dec 2009 08:33:00 +0000

'Telangana is my birthright' reads a slogan on Osmania University campus / A Radhakrishna.

"In this day and age with technology at our disposal we can govern even from the moon, so why small states for better administration?" was the question of a 'status-quo' ist.

Telangana, if formed with its current 10 districts will be larger than Kerala or even West Bengal. It is a vast region in a large state - Andhra Pradesh. Fifty years after the formation of Andhra Pradesh, the administration with all the available technology has not given a sense of belonging to the people of this region.

"Linguistic States cannot be dilated, we Telugus are one and so the idea of two Telugu speaking states does not even gel," asserted a good-natured scholar.

The neglect of Telangana, particularly of its language and culture is palpable. Telugu films often use Telangana Telugu for comedy or to portray villainous guile. In all my travels in the Telangana districts, I have heard some of the sweetest and may even say, a distinctly chaste Telugu. The people are very affectionate and have clung on to their traditions - both folk and classical - with great zeal. They instantly compose little verses, which they gladly sing and dance even if the composition cries about the poverty or about lack of rain. All these have only a 'nukkad' value here and that's the neglect.

"Inherently, the people in these districts are not enterprising - their agricultural skills were rudimentary, they could not bring in newer small or big technologies to enhance production. Tangible changes happened, post 1956, only with the migration of dynamic people - workers and investors," claimed a hard-nosed economist.

The region lived under utter shameful feudal oppression for centuries. The razakar violence is fresh in the minds of several families even today. This was followed by Left extremism, which was a product of years of neglect and resultant hopelessness.

The violence, destruction of person and property could not be justified but only extended the oppression. Drastic land reforms could not benefit the poor who did not have the wherewithal to cultivate. Irrigation helped the resourceful and the enterprising but not the deserving poor who formed the bulk of the population. Farmers' suicide in Warangal and Nalgonda are well documented.

Soon came globalization with its urbancentric vulgar unnatural growth resulting in the further neglect of rural areas. Hence, layer over layer neglect has piled up, each strengthening the other.

"6 out of 15 Chief Ministers of Andhra Pradesh hailed from Telangana," anguished a seasoned political leader.

It is very well to argue that several Chief Ministers of AP hailed from this region. A rough calculation tells us that from 1 November 1956 there were about 15,414 days (leaving aside the current CM's tenure and days under President's rule) of governance under elected governments. Nearly 54 per cent of this time was under CMs hailing from Rayalaseema, about 25 per cent under CMs from Telangana and 21 per cent under CMs from the Coastal area. We can only conclude that both Telangana and Rayalaseema did not gain anything substantial on that count.

"Hyderabad, the state capital with a world class airport is here. Only regions which are far flung from the Capital, for want of attention, long for separate statehood. Telangana's demand is perplexing" said a leader from distant Delhi.

The development in and around Hyderabad is like a bubble, which an aam Hyderabadi is unable to grasp. He lives in his crowded warm 'basti.' We have heard of one hell-hole - Bholakpur - but there could be a few more. Anyone who argues that this contrast is because of globalization, is only talking of the top layer of neglect referred to earlier.

We have heard all this and more in denying Telangana its rightful role in the national arena for sixty long years. The demand for Telangana is drowned in the cacophony of the self-serving politicians, the din of the omnipresent 24x7 media and in the violent agitation. Violence is frightening away well wishers and policy makers.

10 Dec 2009 /expressbuzz.com

Climate Justice in the Northeast

noreply@blogger.com (geeks) — Mon, 07 Dec 2009 11:02:00 +0000

The Climate Change Conference of Parties (COP 15) beginning at Copenhagen on December 7, 2009 is the most important COP after the Kyoto Protocol of 1997. In that protocol the rich countries made a commitment to reduce by 5.2 percent by 2012 with 1990 as the base, their emission of four greenhouse gases (GHG) that damage the ozone layer and cause climate change. But all of them have backtracked on it and are putting pressure on India, China, Brazil and South Africa to reduce their GHG emissions. Because of such pressure the Commonwealth Heads of Governments Meeting was turned into a climate change meeting. There was pressure on India during the G-8 summit to reduce its carbon emissions. President Obama phoned to Dr Manmohan Singh on 1st December.

The rich countries are thus trying to escape their responsibility. They focus on emission reduction and ignore resource sharing. But more and more analysts recognise that climate change is a development issue that questions the fossil fuel based model which the world has known for two centuries. The GHG emissions it causes are threatening the earth's sustainability but the rich countries do not want to change their consumerist lifestyle that depends on it. So they are trying to shift the burden to the poor.

Clean Development Mechanisms (CDM) is one of their ways out of the Kyoto protocol. A country gets points for emission reduction according to the number of projects it has under it. That is good in itself but the rich countries have found a subterfuge by inserting a clause that allows them to get points for emission reduction by funding CDM projects in poor countries without changing their own lifestyle. The first CDM is low emission technology. Some rich countries transfer their outdated technology to the poor because it is less GHG emitting than what they have at present but it is not clean.

More important are carbon sinks that are forests or greenery meant to absorb the GHG emissions. The carbon sinks do not have to be in the polluter's region or continent. For example, Northeast India has been identified as a possible carbon sink for Europe. It is never mentioned explicitly but during the negotiations a proposal is made every now and then to turn this biodiversity rich region into a carbon sink. Most carbon sinks are commercial monoculture forests. The Northeast is one of the world's 25 mega-biodiversity zones. So turning it into a carbon sink will involve planting a series of commercial forests that will destroy the biodiversity on which is based the identity and livelihoods of the people of the region. This aspect is ignored in the international negotiations that treat it as a CDM.

That brings two facets of the justice issue to the fore. The first is international justice. The fossil fuel based development model and overconsumption of resources by the rich is responsible for the problem. But they are trying to shift the burden to bigger countries in the developing world that want to invest in their own development. The USA with 6 percent of the world's population contributes 25 percent of its GHG emissions. Europe and USA account for 20 percent of the population and for 80 percent of its emissions. India, whose per capita emissions are about a hundredth of those of the USA and less than a fiftieth of Europe, is asked to reduce them because in recent years it has been investing in projects that are increasing GHG emissions.

The second issue is justice within the poor countries. The most vulnerable groups like the agricultural labourers, fish workers and small farmers do not leave their "carbon footprints" behind i.e. they do not contribute to GHG emissions. If they do, they are "survival emissions" such as methane gas produced by paddy cultivation and animal husbandry while the rich countries and the Indian middle and upper classes produce "luxury emissions" through fossil fuel and synthetic materials. These vulnerable groups, particularly women among them pay the highest price of climate change but they are ignored in the negotiations.

This issue is crucial for India where 70 percent of the population depends on climate sensitive sectors like agriculture and fisheries. Climate change has enormous implications for them particularly for the Northeast which is one of the world's 25 mega-biodiversity zones but has become a biodiversity hotspot in which biodiversity is being destroyed fast. One of its impacts is greater intensity and frequency of floods and droughts. The landless, fish workers and small farmers are its worst victims. Turning the region into a carbon sink will destroy it further. But the Government of India seems to have accepted commercial monoculture as a CDM. For example, the Bhadrachalam Paper Mill in Andhra Pradesh has planted eucalyptus for raw material on 300 acres of land taken from the tribals. That has impoverished the tribes. So for sheer survival they resort to the only alternative available to them of overexploiting the forests around them for sale as timber or firewood. That damages the environment much more than what the paper mill claims to preserve. But the eucalyptus plantation that is responsible for their impoverishment and environmental degradation has been declared a CDM and gains points for it.

The Northeast can face a similar situation. If this policy is followed in the region and its people are impoverished and forced to overexploit the resources for survival, they will be declared enemies of nature. Consumerism of the rich nations and of the middle and upper classes in poor countries has caused the problem. These classes invest in more and more vehicles. The state is investing on coal-based GHG emission producing thermal power plants. The 48 major dams it is planning in the Northeast will destroy its biodiversity and impoverish its people. Scarcity of resources will be one of its consequences. That will result in competition for scarce resources and more ethnic conflicts.

These justice issues do not figure in the climate change negotiations. Awareness of climate change is low in the region though it is paying a high price for it. Time has come for persons committed to justice to join hands to demand an equitable climate justice policy that goes beyond emission reduction and protects and develops people's livelihoods. The region has to accept the challenge of evolving a climate justice based development model that creates jobs for its estimated 40 lakh unemployed backlog and for the youth coming out of its universities, while preserving its resources and avoiding further damage to the environment.

Walter Fernandes

Director, North Eastern Social Research Centre, Guwahati

I am dying for the cause of separate Telangana

noreply@blogger.com (geeks) — Fri, 04 Dec 2009 12:45:00 +0000

A Telangana sympathiser, who set himself on fire four days ago protesting the arrest of TRS chief K Chandrasekhar Rao, succumbed to his burn injuries in a hospital here.

K Srikanth (28), who had doused kerosene and set himself ablaze at LB Nagar area while participating in a 'dharna', died last night, hospital sources said on Friday.

The youth hailing from Nalgonda district was pursuing physiotherapy in a private college here.

Srikanth suffered 70 per cent burns and was admitted to a hospital where he died undergoing treatment,sources said.

This is the second incident after a fresh agitation was launched by TRS demanding seperate statehood.

On December 1, a constable had committed suicide by shooting himself in support of Telangana at Kamareddy town in Nizamabad district.

In the suicide note, the constable wrote--"Jai Telangana" and stated "I am dying for the cause of separate Telangana."

TRS President K Chandrasekhar Rao who is on a fast-unto-death is undergoing treatment at the Nizams Institute of Medical Sciences (NIMS) hospital here after being shifted from Khammam government hospital.

Press Trust Of India

Hyderabad, December 04, 2009

NREGS: not caste in stone - The Hindu

noreply@blogger.com (geeks) — Thu, 17 Sep 2009 13:07:00 +0000

Balijas, Reddys and other upper or dominant castes working on improving the lands of Dalits? It's happening here in Kondama Naiyuni Palayam village of Anantapur district in Andhra Pradesh. Call it necessity. Call it NREGS. The heavy late rains may have brought relief to Rayalaseema region in terms of fodder, and drinking water. But they also devastate the short duration crops that people have sown. So this village and its neighbours are heavily NREG dependent.

"We work together, all of us, and not on a caste basis," say E. Ravi and K. Maheshwar, both Balijas. NREGS work priorities are clear here. The land development programme under it must first exhaust dalit and adivasi households before serving the others. In places like K.N. Palayam, where the villagers are organised, this actually gets done. It is not the same everywhere. And it would be rash to conclude that the NREGS is breaking down social hierarchies big time. It is certainly calling them into question, though.

There is also economic necessity. "Even people with 25 acres in our rainfed farms seek NREGS work, says Narasimha Reddy in Palacherla village. Yes, he confirms, most landowning Reddy households in this village of 350 families are reporting for NREG work — a big shift in attitudes. About 400 people — an equal number of men and women — go to the NREG site.

Impact on social structures

Within limits, says Malla Reddy, a 35-year veteran of NGO activism here, the NREGS does impact on social structures. Now, when landowners call Dalits or Adivasis to work, they are relatively more respectful. Because the labourers have the option of Rs. 100 a day work here."

In K.N. Palayam, groups like the Rural and Environment Development Society have sharpened that impact. REDS has managed a creative interpretation of NREG rules locally. "You'll find several households that have exceeded 100 days work," says C. Bhanuja, President of REDS. We did.

It isn't all quite simple, however. Both, the programmes' own problems and those within the economy and society surface often. A full fifth of those seeking work in K.N. Palayam are over 60 years of age. S. Kadhar Wali, who is well over 70, puts it simply: "Why work at 70? You may as well ask, why eat at 70." He and his wife S. Bibi have been doing NREGS work from 2006. This year, Bibi dropped out after a bout of typhoid. "We returned to work as the rise in food prices has destroyed poor people these past few years."

In Aiyaram Gopalapadu, Kurnool, ex-Sarpanch C. Sankaraiah, clings to the old hierarchies. "I won't do it," he says, dismissing NREG work. "I own nine acres. It's insulting." But what about those 30-acre rainfed farmers in Anantapur, spotted at NREG sites? "Anantapur politics are very different from our politics here." But one of his sons is working at the very site he leads us to.

Contradictions do plague the NREGS in its present avatar. One, between landowners and landless labourers. "This Rs. 100 a day wage is killing us," grumble many of the bigger landowners. Actually, most workers average Rs. 80. But the bigger owners are hostile. And then there are the small and medium land holders. They employ wage labour — but also work at NREG sites themselves to make ends meet. "This wage is hurting our farming operations and driving the price rise," goes the chorus in Palavai, Palacherla and elsewhere.

The same voices protest when asked what they would do if the NREG wage fell to Rs. 50 tomorrow. "How will we survive? We need this wage." These are people owning between 5 and 8 acres.

The late rains stoke the farmer-labourer contradiction. The farmers want NREGS put on hold so they can attend to their fields and find labour for them. The landless cannot afford to go without work for any length of time. That's when migrations surface again, though overall, the programme has reduced them considerably. That's the case in K. Nagalapuram in Kurnool, where we run into many labourers leaving for Bangalore. Another universal complaint is about payment delays. "These are killing," says Somappa as he departs for Bangalore.

There is also the odd village where the NREG has been captured by local mafias determined to keep the wages down. As In Harekal in Kurnool district where NREGS work vanished for months. (However work resumed the next day following a report in Eenadu after our visit.) Or in Pothireddypalli in Mahbubnagar, where the priority for work on Dalit lands is being subverted. Tractor owners evade land development work on Dalit farms. "Our bills will never be settled," claims one of them. In Anantapur, the Lambada adivasis of Kareddypalli tanda are bogged down by bureaucratic quibbles and local tensions. "Our tanda is in Kadiri Mandal [rural]," points out T. Nagesh. "But our fields are just yards away in the next, Nallacheruvu mandal. The people there won't let us work and the officials do nothing." And so several in the tanda have migrated — to Kerala.

And there is the work itself. The broad success of NREGS in states like Andhra has seen some romanticise it. You only have to attempt the body-sapping work that a hungry malnourished people do, in sizzling temperatures, to swiftly abandon such ideas. Hearing of NREG "boycotts" in villages like Sanevaripalli in Anantapur, we went there. "What boycott?" asks Nagappa, who owns five acres here. "They give us impossible work. See this rocky land. Don't tell us about trenching and digging, just try it yourself in this hard and dry soil. And what will it achieve? Why can't they give us sensible work which we can do."

Not insurmountable

"These are not insurmountable problems," says Malla Reddy. "The people of this village themselves are showing us alternatives within the NREGS." They show us large tracts of land that can be made cultivable removing the small but heavy rocks that dot them. "Then there is the development of common lands with vegetation and fodder. Farm ponds could also prove crucial. You have to be imaginative and use diverse approaches across regions. In Anantapur for instance, we have forests without trees. The regeneration of those could be a major work. In zones like these, rain-fed horticulture development would help. And in fact, we should be creating work for landless and small farmers round the year. We need very strict enforcement of priorities that demand Dalit and Adivasi lands be the first to benefit. Finally, it means dumping the 100-day per household yearly limit on work. All this can only happen when you move from piecemeal action to integrated, long-term planning."

The Hindu / 14 Sept 2009

Starvation deaths in Chenchu Adivasi of Nallamala forest, Andhra Pradesh

noreply@blogger.com (geeks) — Thu, 03 Sep 2009 20:19:00 +0000

Chenchus of Nallamala forest are close to starvation. Serious malnutrition has induced malaria and dreaded tuberculosis in the community.

According to statistics, around 41.23 per cent of Chenchu population has been struck by malaria and over 2,000 TB cases detected. Infant morality rate was 215 per thousand as against 80 in the rest of the population. Maternal mortality was seven per thousand as against average of four elsewhere.

Their poor health status is attributed to lack of nutritious diet. While there is no incidence of malaria and TB among other forest dwellers, the diseases were dogging the Chenchu population.

Starvation deaths were detected among Chenchus way back in 1994. On the direction of Centre, the State government constituted a high level committee headed by the Chief Secretary to tackle the problem. But the committee appears to have met last only in 1997. When this correspondent was driving on the ghat roads of Nallamala forest recently, emaciated Chenchu children were seen running after the vehicles carrying pilgrims to Srisailam temple for food or money.

The plight of the Chenchus can be attributed to the poor or half-hearted implementation of the government's guidelines framed in 1994 to help them. For instance, the Antyodaya cards for tribals are expected to ensure that every family gets 35 kg rice at Rs. 3 a kg and 10 kg extra for senior citizens, but only half the families are covered so far.

The 40,000-strong Chenchu tribals, who are spread across six districts, are considered among the poorest of the poor.

It is a losing a battle for them ever since the first law came into force in 1891 reserving the Nallamala forest and seeking to resettle them elsewhere. Since then, the noose around Chenchu necks is tightening year after year.

Income earned from pilgrims in the form of 'metta' (resting place) fee is lost after the motorable road was laid to Srisailam. Chenchus also used to collect a small fee for escorting pilgrims to safety as wild animals and dacoits roamed the forests. In the days of yore, Chenchus were taken care of by the temple.

The confrontation with the forest department intensified after declaration of a tiger reserve on 6,197 sq km covering the entire habitat of Chenchus in the nineties. Rampant alcoholism among the Chechus is partly to blame.

Apr 30, 2009 / The Hindu

21 farmers end lives in 40 days in Andhra Pradesh

noreply@blogger.com (geeks) — Sun, 16 Aug 2009 16:22:00 +0000

It's official. Even as Andhra Pradesh chief minister Y S Rajasekhara Reddy admitted there had been 20 suicides by farmers in the state in the last 40 days, yet another case came to light on Saturday.

Peddolla Nadipi Bhumanna hanged himself at home in Donchanda village of Morthad mandal late on Friday night. It's learnt that the 55-year-old farmer, faced with crop failure, was driven to desperation because he was unable to clear his mounting debts.

Most suicides in Andhra Pradesh have been reported from the arid regions of Telangana and Rayalaseema, where farmers are heavily dependent on rain.

As in Vidharbha last year, most of the suicides have been farmers who had borrowed heavily from private money lenders at exhorbitant interest rates. The loans were taken to dig borewells to tap ground water for cotton and other vegetable crops in the absence of rain. The situation has been exacerbated by the falling water table in these districts.

Despite the alarming rise in suicides, the state government has dithered over an official announcement of drought areas, saying that it was trying to help suffering farmers with crop insurance and loans for the current kharif season. The chief minister's office has merely announced a compensation of Rs 1.5 lakh for each of the suicide-hit families.

Reddy, who is scheduled to meet Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on Monday, wants an additional Rs 2,000 crore to provide employment to people in the drought-hit areas.

The government says that 11 of the 20 farmer suicides were in Anantapur, four in Adilabad, three in Warangal, and two in Medak district. The 21st is in Nizamabad district.

Police said that Bhumanna's family woke on Saturday to find his limp corpse. Neighbours who rushed to the spot informed the police.

Following a dry spell, Bhumanna had dug two borewells to get water to his fields but in vain. The farmer, who owned five acres, suffered from a kidney problem. He had borrowed Rs 20 lakh from private money lenders.

16 Aug 2009 / TNN

Award to Andhra Pradesh for using NComputing to empower 1.8 million students with computers

noreply@blogger.com (geeks) — Tue, 28 Jul 2009 13:26:00 +0000

NComputing, the world's leading provider of ultra low-cost computing, today announced that the Andhra Pradesh (India) government was honored for the social impact of its 5,000-school computing program. Andhra Pradesh is the largest and most populous state in South India, and its government has earned a reputation as a leader in using technology for economic and social development.

A distinguished panel of industry executives, government officials, and technology journalists selected Andhra Pradesh (AP) and their use of NComputing. Winner of the PCQuest Best IT Implementation of the Year award, the educational computing program provides computer labs in rural government schools and was cited for its maximum social impact. Award panel members included the Deputy Director General of India's National Informatics Centre, the CIO of Ernst & Young, the head of Wipro's Government unit, the former CEO of Reliance Infosolutions, and the Chairman and President of CyberMedia.

The AP program required outfitting 5,000 schools across the state with computer labs to teach computer skills and prepare the students for the digital economy. The government needed a computing technology that was affordable, simple to install, and easy to maintain. "The NComputing solution was chosen after multiple stages of deliberations," stated Mr. Suresh Chanda, IT Secretary of Andhra Pradesh. "Many factors like long-term sustainability, power saving, infrastructure costs and scale were considered and we are pleased that computing access has been created for 1.8 million students around the state, most of whom have never had the opportunity to even touch a computer."

The NComputing solution is based on a simple fact: today's PCs are so powerful that the vast majority of applications use only a small fraction of the computer's capacity. NComputing taps the unused capacity in a PC and shares it among multiple users as if each person had their own computer. Each person enjoys a full PC experience by connecting their own monitor, keyboard, and mouse to an NComputing access device, which is then connected to the shared PC. The access devices snap into place in seconds, are almost impossible to break, and save on maintenance costs because only the shared PC requires ongoing service or upgrading.

The AP Government estimates it saved 50 percent in computer equipment and will save 70 percent in support and maintenance. Electricity is limited or unreliable at many of the schools, which are located in some of the most remote parts of the state and rely on generators to run the computer labs. The NComputing solution uses just 1 watt of electricity, making it a model for sustainable, energy-efficient computing for regions of the world where access to power is too expensive, unpredictable, or non-existent.

"The government Andhra Pradesh deserves considerable recognition for its ambitious initiative to equip its schools with 21st century educational tools and its foresight in selecting NComputing," said Stephen Dukker, chairman and CEO of NComputing. "Our solution has proven time and again to save organizations in up-front acquisition costs as well as long-term operations and maintenance costs."

NComputing has been recognized for its role in bringing truly affordable computing to schools, businesses, governments, hospitals, and factories. Since introducing the award-winning virtual desktop technology two years ago, NComputing has emerged as the market leader with nearly two million seats sold in over 140 countries. The PCQuest award is the latest of many industry accolades, including the Wall Street Journal Technology Innovation award, the Gartner Cool Vendor Award, the Frost and Sullivan Green Computing award, as well as numerous awards from CES, Deloitte, CeBit, and ExpoComm.

Equity Bulls /July/27/2009

Andhra.ozg.in

noreply@blogger.com (geeks) — Wed, 22 Jul 2009 21:17:00 +0000

Andhra Pradesh Telugu Movie Song

noreply@blogger.com (geeks) — Thu, 16 Aug 2007 19:55:00 +0000